Jul 27, 2020 Dunce Cap, also known as Chinese Dunce Cap (Orostachys iwarenge), is a succulent plant named for its spires of silvery-lavender cone-shaped rosettes. The plant spreads via slender runners with offsets that fall off and take root to form new plants. Eventually, the pointy cones may produce tiny flowers. (GTA 5 Online Clothing Glitches 1.46) it is a easy a simple dunce cap glitch that anybody can do. This dunce cap glitch is for ps4 and Xbox one gamers, new working save dunce cap glitch for 1.46. How to get Dunce cap IN PATCH 1.46 / Modded outfit Glitch on this “GTA 5 Glitches” video: THIS GTA 5 HOW TO SAVE DUNCE CAP GLITCH!
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In topology, the dunce hat is a compacttopological space formed by taking a solid triangle and gluing all three sides together, with the orientation of one side reversed. Simply gluing two sides oriented in the same direction would yield a cone much like the dunce cap, but the gluing of the third side results in identifying the base of the cap with a line joining the base to the point.
Name[edit]
The name is due to E. C. Zeeman, who observed that any contractible 2-complex (such as the dunce hat) after taking the Cartesian product with the closed unit interval seemed to be collapsible. This observation became known as the Zeeman conjecture and was shown by Zeeman to imply the Poincaré conjecture.
Properties[edit]
The dunce hat is contractible, but not collapsible. Contractibility can be easily seen by noting that the dunce hat embeds in the 3-ball and the 3-ball deformation retracts onto the dunce hat. Alternatively, note that the dunce hat is the CW-complex obtained by gluing the boundary of a 2-cell onto the circle. The gluing map is homotopic to the identity map on the circle and so the complex is homotopy equivalent to the disc. By contrast, it is not collapsible because it does not have a free face.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Zeeman, E. C. (1964). 'On the dunce hat'. Topology. 2 (4): 341–358. doi:10.1016/0040-9383(63)90014-4.
A dunce is a person considered incapable of learning. Dunces are often comedically shown wearing paper cone hats, known as dunce caps with the word 'dunce' or 'dumb', or simply a capital D, on them. Schoolchildren were sometimes compelled to wear a dunce cap and to stand or sit on a stool in the corner as a form of punishment for misbehaving or for failing to demonstrate that they had properly performed their studies.
Origins[edit]
The word is derived from the name of the Scottish Scholastictheologian and philosopherJohn Duns Scotus.[1] Along with Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham, he was one of the leading Scholastic philosopher-theologians of the High Middle Ages. Duns Scotus wrote treatises on theology, grammar, logic and metaphysics, which were widely influential throughout Western Europe, earning Duns the papal accolade Doctor Subtilis (Subtle Teacher). Duns remains highly esteemed in the Roman Catholic Church, and was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1993.
The followers of Duns Scotus were called the Dunses, Dunsmen, or Scotists.[2] When in the sixteenth century the Scotists argued against Renaissance humanism, the term duns or dunce became, in the mouths of the Protestants, a term of abuse and a synonym for one incapable of scholarship.[3] This was the etymology given by Richard Stanyhurst. Samuel Johnson, on the other hand, maintained that the source of the word was unknown.
Dunce cap[edit]
A dunce cap, also variously known as a dunce hat, dunce's cap or dunce's hat, is a pointed hat, formerly used as an article of discipline in schools in Europe and the United States.[4][5] In popular culture, it is typically made of paper and often marked with a D or the word 'dunce', and given to unruly schoolchildren to wear. Frequently the 'dunce' was made to stand in the corner, facing the wall. The hope was that no one would want to be labelled the 'dunce' in the class, even for a short period of time, and thus students would avoid misbehaviour.[citation needed] Examples of behaviour which could warrant the dunce cap included throwing spitballs, passing notes, or pulling of hair. Class clowns were frequently admonished with the dunce cap.
In modern pedagogy, punishments like dunce caps have fallen out of favor.[6]
According to The Straight Dope, Duns Scotus recommended the wearing of conical hats to stimulate the brain – so-called 'thinking caps'.[7] (This notion is the likely source of the pointed hats traditionally worn by wizards, etc.) However, the Oxford English Dictionary (2nd edition) records that the term 'dunce cap' itself did not enter the English language until after the term 'dunce' had become a synonym for 'fool' or 'dimwit'. In fact, 'dunce cap' is not recorded before the 1833 travel bookAmerica, and the Americans by James Boardman. [8]John Ford's 1624 playThe Sun's Darling is the first recorded mention of the related term 'dunce table,' a table provided for duller or poorer students.
On the TV game show Win Ben Stein's Money, a player who answered in the form of a question (as required on the game show Jeopardy!) was required to wear a dunce cap.
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Literary dunce[edit]
A literary dunce is a person, either real or fictional, who is used in literature as a target of satire. This usage of the term derives from Alexander Pope's landmark poetic satire The Dunciad. Dunces are not villains, although they can be villainous, as much as they are held up as the epitome of stupidity, imposture, and connivance.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Jeaffreson, John Cordy (1870). A Book About Clergy. Hurst and Blackett. p. 81. ISBN9780598437297.
- ^'dunce, n.' OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2017. Web.
- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). 'Dunce'. Encyclopædia Britannica. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 671.
- ^Chico, Beverly (3 October 2013). 'The Dunce Cap'. Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopaedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 116. ISBN978-1-61069-063-8.
- ^Grundhauser, Eric (10 September 2015). 'The Dunce Cap Wasn't Always So Stupid'. Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
- ^Ryback, David (1993). 'Eastern Sources of Invitational Education'. Journal of Invitational Theory and Practice. Atlanta, Georgia. 2 (2): 79.
- ^Gaudere (21 June 2000). 'What's the origin of the dunce cap?'. The Straight Dope. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
- ^Boardman, James (1833). America, and the Americans. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman. p. 101.
References[edit]
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dunce caps. |
- Gaudere (June 2000). 'What's the origin of the dunce cap?'. The Straight Dope. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- 'Dunce's corner banned - but how did it all start? What's the origin of the dunce cap?'. Spd Rdng. January 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
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